Object-teaching frame



(No Model.)

D. C. LUENING.

OBJECT TEACHING FRAME.

E No. 248,859'.`

Patented 088. 28.,v 1881.

N4 Finns4 Plmvomhogmphpr wuhmgm" D C NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DIEDRIOH LUENING, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

OBJ ECT-TEACHING FRAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 248,659, dated October 25, 1881.

Application filed July 8, 1881.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, DIEDRIon G. LUENING, of Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee, and in the State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Numeral- Frames for Objective Teaching; and Ido hereby declare that the following` is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to devices for teaching children objectively, and will be fully described hereinafter.

The ligure in the drawing isa perspective view of my invention.

A B is the frame of my device, composed of heavy pasteboard, preferably. The back B of the frame is solid, and is separated from the front A by partitions b b b2 b3. The spaces between the partitions b are for the purpose of admitting vertical strips I, of various colors, and the spaces between partitions b', b2, and b3 are for the purpose of admitting horizontal strips H, of various colors and bearing various devices. The front A of the frame has a series of perforations, F F, near its top, andjust below this is a row of geometrical figures cutout of the front A,so as to expose the back B, and below this is arow of approximately square openings cut out of the iront A. The back and front of the frame are of the same color, so that there will be no contrast normally between the two.

For use in connection with the frame A B, I prepare slips H I K K', of pasteboard, variously colored. The narrow strips H are for insertion between the front and back A B and just behind the perforations F, and are adapted to slide horizontally. The strips I are also variously colored and adapted to be inserted between the partitions b b from the top. Strips K are to be inserted just back of the geometrical figures, and strips K just back of the squares. Now, suppose I desire to teach a child to count, I insert a colored (red) strip, H, far enough to close the rst perforation F, and ask How many red spots do you seei7 Oriel Insert it still farther. How many now l Two i And so on until the strip has been exposed behind all the holes. I may now insert a green strip covering'three holes. How

many green spots?77 (No model.)

Three I Insert it till four holes are closed, and make the pupil add the 3 to I and show him that .U14-1:4. I may then insert a black strip from above to cover one green spot, and in that way teach subtraction, and by permutations and combinations of strips of different color keep the child so in terested that every lesson will be stamped in delibly on his memory.

It is obvious that by the insertion of strips K in their places the figures in row G may be brought out and explained.

For use inthe third row, E, I have strips prepared with pictures of familiar articles, such as caps, cups, bells, Sto.

As shown in the drawing, I have inserted a strip bearing the pictures of three cups, exposing them on one of the squares, and have inserted another strip bearing the pictures of five caps. The child is asked How many cups do you seefl Three l How many capsl Five I How manycaps andcupsil Five caps and three cups. Eight things,7

each operation being illustrated on the blacksuccessively as the slip passes in, three times one, and then 'four times one, and so on until all ofthe squares have been closed. The spaces for the strips are sufficiently large to admit several at the time, so that while the first aperture may be closed by the blue strip, or the strip on which caps are displayed, the next may be closed by the cup-strip passed in behind the first strip, but projecting farther.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. A frame. for teaching children objectively, composed of a front and back separated from each other by vertical and horizontal strips or partitions, and the front cut out to exhibit the outlines of figures and objects, in combination with variously -colored strips adapted to be front having square openings, in combination with strips having pictures of familiar objects grouped thereon7 as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand.

DIEDRIGH C. LUENING.

Witnesses STANLEY S. STOUT, FRANK W. ROBINSON. 

